Chapter 13 Transport and Communication

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 10 Social Science Solutions Chapter 13 Transport and Communication.

In this article we will discuss short question, very short question and long question and answers of the Chapter 13 Transport and Communication.

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 10 Social Science Solutions Chapter 13 Transport and Communication.

Transport and Communication Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you mean by transport?
Answer:
Carrying of goods and people from one place to another is called transport.

Question 2.
What are the main sectors of surface transport?
Answer:
Roadways and Railways

Question 3.
Which superhighway connects the four metro cities of India?
Answer:
Golden Quadrilateral Superhighway

Question 4.
How many national highways pass through Rajasthan?
Answer:
Seven

Question 5.
Name the first electric train in India.
Answer:
Deccan Queen

Question 6.
Which project is being built for separate movement of goods train?
Answer:
Dedicated Freight Corridor

Question 7.
Which is the cheapest mode of transport?
Answer:
Water transport

Question 8.
Which is the fastest mode of transport?
Answer:
Air Transport

Question 9.
What is the full form of e-mail?
Answer:
Electronic Mail

Question 10.
What are the main communication service required for video calling?
Answer:
3G and 4G

Transport and Communication Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is Prime Minister Rural Road Project?
Answer:
The Prime Minister Rural Road Project was announced on 25th December 2000 by the Prime Minister with an aim to connect each village of the country with main roads. Under this project all villages with 1000 or more population (as per 1991 census) were planned to be connected by roads by 2003. Villages with population between 500 and 1000 were planned to be connected by road by 2007. Villages with 250 or more population in tribal areas were planned to be connected under this project.

Question 2.
Roadways have been divided into which categories?
Answer:
Roadways have been divided into following categories:

1. Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways
2. National Highway
3. State Highway
4. District Roads
5. Other Roads
6. Border Roads

Question 3.
What is the importance of border roads?
Answer:
Border road has following significance:
These roads provide connectivity in frontier regions.
These roads help in economic development of areas along the international borders. These roads augment the war preparedness of the nation. ,

Question 4.
Why is water transport the cheapest mode of transport?
Answer:
For water transport, we do not need to invest on building the route of transport. In this case, we only need to invest in the modes of transport. Hence, water transport is the cheapest mode of transport.

Question 5.
Write names of major international airports in India.
Answer:
Following are the international airports in India:
Jawaharlal Nehru Airport (Santa Cruz Airport, Mumbai), Subhash Chandra Bose Airport (Damdam Airport, Kolkata), Indira Gandhi International Airport (Delhi), Meenambakam (Chennai) and T iruvananthapuram.

Question 6.
What are the benefits of pipelines?
Answer:
Benefits of pipelines:

1. They ensure uninterrupted supply of materials to long distance.
2. Solid (in molten state) and liquids can be transported to long distances through them.
3. Cost of operation of pipelines is very low.
4. Transport through pipelines cannot be disturbed by changes in weather.
5. They helped in development of oil refineries and gas-based fertilizer factories in various parts of the country.

Transport and Communication Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the reasons for growing importance of roadways in comparison to railways?
Answer:
Following are the reasons for growing importance of roadways over railways:

1. Roads can be built on uneven topography.
2. Roads can be built even along steep slopes and in hilly areas.
3. Cost of road construction is cheaper than laying the railway lines.
4. Roads are flexible for transporting fewer people, fewer goods to even short distances.
5. Roads provide door to door connectivity which is not possible with rail transport.
6. Roads serve as link between various modes of transport.

Question 2.
Transport and communication are called the lifelines of national economy. Why?
Answer:
Basic infrastructure plays important role in economic development. Areas which are rich in basic infrastructure witness rapid economic development. It can be divided into two parts:
1. Basic physical infrastructure (includes transport, electricity, communication, etc.) and
2. Basic social infrastructure (includes human resources). Business and transport facilities used to be concentrated in select pockets till recent past. Developments in science and technology have facilitated expansion in trade and transport facilities. Now, it is possible to reach any corner of the world in less time and more comfort. Development in modes of communication has also facilitated the development of means of transport. It can be said that transport, communication and trade are complementary to each other.

In spite of its huge size, diversity, social linquistic and cultural pluralism India is well connected with the rest of the world. Road, air & water transport, newspaper, radio, television, cinema, internet, etc. are helping in socio-economic development in numerous ways. International trade has reinvigorated the economy throug means of transport and communicaiton. It has made our life more comfortable than ever. Due to above reasons transport and communication are called the lifelines of national economy.

Question 3.
What is Rajasthan Road Vision 2025?
Answer:
Rajasthan Road Vision 2025 has been prepared to transform the road network in Rajasthan. The PWD prepared a long term vision for development of roads in the initial twenty five years of the 21st century. This vision gives importance to construction, maintenance and quality of roads. Under this vision stress was given on connecting all villages during the initial 15 years followed by construction of expressways, flyovers and four-lane roads. This vision considered it necessary to connect important places of religious importance, tourism, mining and industries with new roads. Rajasthan can be considered as a ‘Model State’ in road network.

Question 4.
Explain the progress made in transport sector in Rajasthan.
Answer:
Following are the progress made in transport sector in Rajasthan:
Seven national highways cross through Rajasthan. Among them the NH 8 is the most important and the busiest national highway. Its length in Rajasthan is 685 km. This national highway goes from Delhi to Mumbai via Jaipur, Ajmer and Udaipur. The national highway 11 is the most important highway from the point of security. Some major state highways of Rajasthan have been connected to Mega Highway Project. These highways are developed as Mega Highways by changing them to 2-lane and 4-lane roads. At present, construction and maintenance of mega highways and state highways is on contractual basis. For this, the firm which bags the contract gets the right to collect toll tax from vehicles traveling on these roads. Government vehicles, ambulance, agricultural vehicles, military vehicles, other emergency vehicles and two-wheelers have been exempted from this toll tax.

Question 5.
Explain the modern means of communication.
Answer:
Following are the modern means of communication:
Internet: Internet began in 1969. During initial days, internet was used for exchange of data over a limited area. Beginning of e-mail in 1972 brought a revolution in communication. Any information can be sent to any part of the world within a few seconds through e-mail. It enables to do video conferencing. Videoconferencing saves time and money and enables us to communicate through audio-visual medium.

Telephone: Telephone is an important tool of communication. It was invented by Graham Bell. There has been continuous improvement in telephones.Telephone facilitates conversation between two people who are sitting at distant places. Beginning of STD and ISD facilities in telephone helped in directly dialing numbers to any place within the country or to any country in the world. Use of STD and ISD involves using STD or ISD code of a place followed by dialing the number.

Mobile Phone: Invention of mobile phone brought a revolution in the field of telephony. Mobile phones enable us to directly talk to a person (who is using a mobile phone). High speed 3G and 4G internet services are available through mobile phones. You can do video calling through mobile phone. Mobile applications have further improved communication. Technology in this field is developing at a rapid pace on a daily basis.

Transport and Communication Additional Questions Solved

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
What is the position of India in the world in terms of size of road network?
(A) First
(B) Second
(C) Third
(D) Fourth

Question 2.
International flights are available from which of the following cities of Rajasthan?
(A) Jaipur
(B) Udaipur
(C Bikaner
(D) Ganganagar

Question 3.
The major ports of India facilitate how much of international trade of the country?
(A) 95%
(B) 85%
(C) 75%
(D) 50%

Question 4.
Which is the most flexible mode of transport?
(A) Road transport
(B) Rail transport
(C) Air transport
(D) Water transport

Question 5.
Which national highway is also known as the Grand Trunk Road?
(A) NH 8
(B) NH 24
(C) NH 1
(D) NH 7

Question 6.
Which of the following has the responsibility of making and maintaining the State Highways?
(A) NHAI
(B) PWD
(C) District Board
(D) BSF

Question 7.
The Indian Railways is how many years old?
(A) 50 years
(B) 100 years
(C) 150 years
(D) 200 years

Question 8.
Most of the trains in India ply on which type of railway lines?
(A) Broad Gauge
(B) Meter Gauge
(C) Narrow Gauge
(D) None of these

Question 9.
Crude oil is transported to oil refineries mainly through which of the following?
(A) Road
(B) Pipeline
(C) Train
(D) Waterways

Answer:
1. (B)
2. (A)
3. (A)
4. (A)
5. (C)
6. (B)
7. (C)
8. (A)
9. (B)

Fill in the blanks

1. The transport sector can be divided into …………….. types.
2. Road transport plays a …………… role to other modes of transport.
3. Roads can be made even on ……………… topography.
4. The first train in India ran between Mumbai and …………………..
5. Transport through ……………… gauge is costly and time consuming.
6. Many solids which can be easily melted can be transported through …………………….
7. The National Waterways 1 runs through the river …………………….
8. The National Waterways 2 runs through the river
9. A ………………… is the place where ships anchor.
10. E-mail began in the year …………………
Answer:
1. Three
2. Supplementary
3. Uneven
4. Thane
5. Meter
6. Pipelines
7. Ganga
8. Brahmaputra
9. Port
10. 1972

Match Columns

Column A	Column B
1. NHAI	(A) Responsible for construction and maintenance of border roads
2. CPWD	(B) Responsible for international airports
3. PWD	(C) Responsible for construction and maintenance of state highways
4. IAAI	(D) Responsible for construction and maintenance of national highways
5. BRO	(E) Responsible for construction and maintenance of Golden Quadrilateral

Answer:
1. (E)
2. (D)
3. (C)
4. (B)
5. (A)

Transport and Communication Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you mean by surface transport?
Answer:
The modes of transport which cany people, goods and services on land come under surface transport. It is mainly divided into roadways, railways and pipelines.

Question 2. Which types of railway lines are being used in India?
Answer:
Broad Gauge, Meter Gauge and Narrow Gauge

Question 3.
Write the names of any three airlines in private sector.
Answer:
Jet Airways, Indigo, Go Air

Question 4.
What do you mean by first class airport?
Answer:
First class airports have landing and takeoff facilities for planes of all sizes.

Question 5.
Border Road Organisation builds roads in which parts of the country?
Answer:
Border Road Organisation builds roads in frontier areas and in the northeast.

Question 6.
Which is the most important and busiest highway passing through Rajasthan?
Answer:
NH 8

Question 7.
What is the full form of PPP?
Answer:
Public Private Partnership

Question 8.
Which is the most important highway in Rajasthan from point of security?
Answer:
NH 11

Question 9.
The branch of HBJ pipeline is situated in which city of Rajasthan?
Answer:
Kota

Question 10.
Which port was developed to compensate for the loss of Karachi port after independence?
Answer:
Kandla Port

Question 11.
Which port was developed to reduce the load on Mumbai Port?
Answer:
Jawaharlal Nehru Port

Question 12.
Who was the inventor of telephone?
Answer:
Graham Bell

Question 13.
What is the full form of IAAI?
Answer:
International Airports Authority of India

Question 14.
What is the full form of NHAI?
Answer:
National Highways Authority of India

Question 15.
What is the full form of PWD?
Answer:
Public Works Department

Question 16.
What do you mean by state highways?
Answer:
The roads which connect the state capital, important cities, towns and district headquarters, and connect with national highways and highways to neighbouring states sire called state highways.

Question 17.
What do you mean by district road?
Answer:
The roads connecting the tehsils, main towns and industrial areas to district headquarter and to each other are called district roads.

Question 18.
Which is the busiest port in India?
Answer:
Mumbai Port

Question 19.
Which port exports iron ores from Kudremukh mines?
Answer:
New Mangalore Port

Question 20.
Name the main categories of airports in India.
Answer:
Following are the main categories of airports in India:
International Airport First Class Airport

Question 21 .
Which company provides helicopter services to ONGC?
Answer:
Pawanhans

Question 22.
What is the full form of STD and ISD?
Answer:
STD stands for Subscriber Trunk Dialing, and ISD stands for International Subscriber Dialing.

Question 23.
How has mobile phone changed the way we communicate?
Answer:
Mobile phone has enabled the availability of telecommunication device in each hand. Mobile phone has made it possible to make long distance calls, to send data, pictures, etc. from any place. This has helped immensely in facilitating business. Mobile phone provides instant connectivity among people.

Transport and Communication Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Basic infrastructure is divided into which categories?
Answer:
Basic infrastructure can be divided into two parts:

1. Basic physical infrastructure (includes transport, electricity, communication, etc.) and
2. Basic social infrastructure (includes human resources).

Question 2.
Which are the three major modes of transport?
Answer:
Following are the three major modes of transport:

1. Surface Transport
2. Water Transport
3. Air Transport

Question 3.
Write a short note on Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways.
Answer:
The government of India has started an ambitious project to connect Delhi-Kolkata, Chennai-Mumbai and Delhi by 6-lane super highways. Two corridors have been proposed under this project. The first is the North South Corridor which connects Srinagar to Kanyakumari. The purpose of this super highway is to reduce the distance and travel time between metropolitan cities of India. This project is under National Highways Authority of India (NHAI).

Question 4.
What are the three major networks of pipeline in the country?
Answer:
Following are the major networks of pipeline in the country:

1. From the oil fields of upper Assam to Barauni followed by the pipeline to Kanpur via Allahabad. One branch goes from Barauni to Haldia via Rajbandh. Another branch goes from Rajbandh to Mauri Gram and third branch is from Guwahati to Siliguri.
2. From Salava to Viram Gaon in Gujarat, to Jalandhar (Punjab) via Mathura- Delhi and Sonipat. One branch of this pipeline connects Koyli (near Vadodra) to Chakshu and to other places.
3. From Hajira (Gujarat) to Jagdishpur (UP). This pipeline goes via Vijaypur (Madhya Pradesh). Its branches are in Kota (Rajasthan), Shahjahanpur and Barala (UP).

Question 5.
What is internet? What is the benefit of internet and e-mail?
Answer:
The network of computers around the world is called internet. Internet facilitates exchange of e-mails. Any information can be sent to any part of the world within a few seconds through e-mail. E-mail enables us to send a single message simultaneously to thousands of persons. Internet also enables to do video conferencing. Videoconferencing saves time and money and enables us to communicate through audio-visual medium.

Question 6.
Write a short note on Kolkata port.
Answer:
Kolkata port is an inland river port. This port is situated on Hooghly; about 148 from the sea shore. Because of being a tidal port and because of siltation; this port needs regular cleaning and dredging.

Question 7.
What are the various drawbacks that affect the railways?
Answer:
Rail transport is suffering from many drawbacks. A large number of people resort to ticketless travel. Many people damage the railways’ property and commit theft and robbery. Many passengers unnecessarily pull the chain to stop the train without schedule. This results in heavy losses to the railways.

Transport and Communication Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain different types of roads in India?
Answer:
Following are the different types of roads in India:
1. Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways: The government of India has started an ambitious project to connect Delhi-Kolkata, Chennai- Mumbai and Delhi by 6-lane super highways. Two corridors have been proposed under this project. The first is the North South Corridor which connects Srinagar to Kanyakumari. The purpose of this super highway is to reduce the distance and travel time between metropolitan cities of India. This project is under National Highways Authority of India (NHAI).

2. National Highway: These highways connect far flung areas of the country. Highways make the primary road network which is built and maintained by Central Public Works Department (CPWD). Many national highways are spread from north to south and from east to west. The historical Sher Shah Suri Road or Grand Trunk Road between Delhi and Amritsar is known as National Highway 1 (NH 1).

3. State Highway: The roads which connect the state capital, important cities, towns and district headquarters, and connect with natio’nal highways and highways to neighbouring states are called state highways. The construction and maintenance of these roads is the responsibility of the Public Works Department (PWD) of a state. The total length of state highways in the country is 131,899 km.

4. District Road: The roads connecting the tehsils, main towns and industrial areas to district headquarter and to each other are called district roads,

5. Other Roads: The roads which connect rural areas to towns are called other roads. Development of these roads is being encouraged under Prime Minister Road Project.

6. Border Road: Construction and maintenance of border roads is the responsibility of Border Road Organisation which comes under the government of India. This organization was established with the aim of integrated and rapid development of road network in frontier areas of north and northeast. This was done to ensure rapid economic development and to augment defence preparedness. The Border Road Organisation was established in 1960.

Question 2.
What are the national waterways in India?
Answer:
Following are the national waterways in India:

• National Waterways 1: The Ganges between Haldia and Allahabad which is 1620 km long.
• National Waterways 2: The Brahmaputra between Sadia and Dhuwri which is 891 km long.
• National Waterways 3: Coastal canal of Kerala (from Kotapuram to Kollam; Udyog Mandal and Champakkash Canals) which is 205 km long.
• National Waterways 4: 1100 km long route between Kakinada and Bharkanan.
• National Waterways 5: 588 km long route of delta channel of Matai, Mahanadi, Brahmani rivers and east- coastal canal along with extension of Brahmani river.

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