Chapter 2 Struggle Period of India (1206 A.D to 1757 A.D)

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 10 Social Science Solutions Chapter 2 Struggle Period of India (1206 A.D to 1757 A.D)

In this article we will discuss short question, very short question and long question and answers of the Chapter 2 Struggle Period of India (1206 A.D to 1757 A.D).

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 10 Social Science Solutions Chapter 2 Struggle Period of India (1206 A.D to 1757 A.D)

Textbook Questions Solved

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the other name of the Slave Dynasty?
Answer:
Yamini or Ilbari

Question 2.
At what post Razia Sultan appointed Yakut?
Answer:
Amir Ahkur (Head of the stable).

Question 3.
Who was the ruler who implemented the policy of Iron and Blood?
Answer:
Balban.

Question 4.
Who translated Babarnama in Persian (Parsi)?
Answer:
Abdur Rahim Khanakhana.

Question 5.
Which ruler built the Grand Trunk Road?
Answer:
Sher Shah Suri.

Question 6.

When was second battle of Panipat held?
Answer:
5th November 1556 A.D.

Question 7.
Which title was retended by Hemu?
Answer:
Raja Vikramjeet.

Question 8.
When was world famous battle of Haldi Ghati held?
Answer:
1576 A.D.

Question 9.
Which religion was propounded by the Akbar?
Answer:
Din-e-Ilahi

Question 10.
Who was the founder of the Bahamani Kingdom?
Answer:
Hasan (Zafar Shah) one of the officer of Mohammad Tuglaq.

Question 11.

Which Guru of Sikhs built Akal Takht?
Answer:
Gum Har Govind son, of Arjun Dev.

Question 12.
Where was coronation of Shivaji done?
Answer:
In Raj Garh Fort.

Question 13.
Hammir Chauhan was the ruler of which place?
Answer:
Ranthambhore.

Question 14.
Where is the Gate (Phatak) of Amar Singh?
Answer:
In Red Fort Delhi

Struggle Period of India (1206 A.D to 1757 A.D) RBSE Class 10 Social Science Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name the five plans of Muhammad Tuglaq?
Answer:
The main five planning of Sultan according to Barauni:

(a) Increase in tax in doab,
(b) Making Devgiri his Capital,
(c) Introduction of symbolic currency,
(d) Attack on Khurasan,
(e) Campaign towards Carachil.

Question 2.
Tell about ‘Sikandri Gaj’ (Yard).
Answer:
Sikandar Shah started Yard’ to fix the revenue according to the measurement of the land which was often 30”. It was prevailed for a long period as ‘Sikandar Gaj or Yard’.

Question 3.

Who gave the title of Sher Khan to Farid and why?
Answer:
The founder of this empire was Sher Khan (Fareed) son of Hasan Khan who was a landlord of Sasaram (Bihar) under the state Jaunpur. As he killed tiger without weapon. He was given the title of Sher Khan by the ruler of South Bihar, Bahar Khan.

Question 4.
Give the Introduction of Vijayanagar Empire.
Answer:
Among five sons of Sanga, Harihara and Bukka were the most famous. They founded the foundation of Vijayanagar state at the north bank of River Tungabhadra. They were the Samantas of Kaktiyo of Warangal and later become the state minister of kampile in modem Karnataka. Tughlak made both the brothers prisoners at the curbing of Kampile and released later with the efforts of their Gum Vidyaranya. They were purified and they established their independent state in Vijayanagar, which soon become the powerful state of South India.

Question 5.
What do you know about Rao Shekha?
Answer:
He was born on 24th September 1433 A.D. His father Rao Mokal was a ruler non under the state of Amer (Jaipur). His mother’s name was Nirvana. He took the responsibility of his father at the age of 12 years in 1445 A.D. He was entitled with the title of Maharao by Udaikaran mler of Amer (Jaipur). His first successful military campaign was victory over Sankhla Rajputs of Multan Sewar, Nagarchal at the age of 16 years. From 1473-1477 he took victory over Nopsingh Jatu and other Jatu Rajputs and occupied Dadri and Bhiwani with the help of Panni Pathans.

Question 6.
Who was Banda Bairagi?
Answer:
Banda Bairagi’s (Bahadur) original name was Madho Das. He was born in 1670 in a rajput family. He lived in a Ashram on the bank of Godavari river. At the time of south Pravas of Gum Govind Singh. He said himself Banda Bairagi.

Struggle Period of India (1206 A.D to 1757 A.D) Class 10 Social Science RBSE Solutions Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write about the administration of Delhi Sultanate.
Answer:
The title of Sultan was started by Turkish Rulers. Mehmud Gaznavi was the first to retain this title. The whole power of the state was vested in Sultan. He was the master of politics and religion and chief justice.

It was expected from Sultans that they should obey the advice of Ulema class. Sultans were influenced by the power of Amirs. Amirs had two classes (a) Turkish (b) Non-Turkish

Chehalgani : In the period of Iltutmish group of forty Amirs was called Chehalgani. The influence of Amirs depended on their ability and non-ability of administration. Central Administrative System (Mujlis-e-khalwat):

It was like council of ministers. It’s four pillars were –

(a) Wazir
(b) Arije Mumalik
(c) Dewane Insha
(d) Dewane Risalat

Departments : Office of the wazir was called Dewan-e-wizrat. It can be called Finance department. Mustaufi (Chief Auditor, Khazine (Treasuror) Majamadar (Accounts and data collector) were the workers of this department.

Jallaluddin Khilji constituted Dewane wakoof and Allaluddin established Diwane Mustakhraj departments. These were under finance department. To improve agriculture Muhammad Tughlak established Diwane-Amir-Kohi.

The responsibility of postage was of Dewane Insha. Diwane Riyasat act as foreign minister. Sadra was the head of religion department. It has separate treasury in which wealth was collected received as Jakat.Kazi-ul-kujat (Law), Barid-e-Mumalik information departments.
There were six workers for court and palace –

1. Wakir-e-dar
2. Barbak
3. Amir-e-Hajib
4. Amir-e-Shikar
5. Amir Majlis
6. Sir-e-Jahandar

The Sultanate period can be called as military, religious, monarchism. The goods plundered during war were called ‘Khams’. Regional administration was a replica of central administration. Head of the province was called Wali or Nazim. He was appointed by the Sultan. Shik was the Revenue officer of the Province.

Question 2.
Explain the contribution of Sawai Jai Singh.
Answer:
(i) In 1725 to calculate the speed of Nakshatras, he built a pure table (Sarani).

(ii) He wrote a scripture on Astrology ‘Jai Singh Karika.

(iii) He built five Vaidhshalas in India to study Astrology. (Jaipur, Delhi, Mathura, Banaras and Ujjain). The observatory of Jaipur (Janta Mantar) is the biggest. In July 2010 it is included in World Heritage site. The old name of Jaipur was Jai Nagar. Sawai Jai Singh made Jaipur, capital of Kachwaha Dynasty in place of Amer. Before the establishment of Jaipur there was a ‘Haudi of Shikar’ which was converted into ‘Badal Mahal’ and construction of Jaipur was started. Sawai Jai Singh was the basic Hindu king who did Rajsuya/Vajpeya/Ashwamedha yogyas. He built Jai Mahal for the living of Yagya Brahmins. He died in Amer on 21 September 1743 A.D. due to blood infection.

Question 3.
Write an essay on the battle of Haldi Ghati.
Answer:
Akbar planned to imprison Pratap in war, in the fort of Ajmer where today museum is located and being the Shastragar of-British It is also called Magzine. Akbar made Man Singh the Senapati of this war and Asaf Khan was made his companion.

Man Singh started from Ajmer on 3 April, 1576 and encamped first in Mandalgarh after two months encamped in village Molala and hammir adjacent to Nathdwara. Pratap encamped in a narrow valley between hills of Khamner and Gogunda, named Haldighati. In this only one man can pass at a time. It was an appropriate place for soldiers of Pratap who were familier to these hills. At the end military of both confronted each other in morning on 18 June 1576 A.D. In first step attack of Rajputs become successful in the leadership of Hakim Khan. The Mihattar Khan, officer of Akbar’s reserved army spread a fake rumour that Badshah Akbar is coming himself with a big army. It encouraged Mughal army and went ahead. Rajputs also marched and confronted in “Raktatal” at the bank of river Banas. In this war battle was held between Punna and Ram Prasad, elephant from Ranas side and Gajmukta and Gajraj from Shah’s side. Due to death of Ram Prasad’s Mahawat it came in the hands of Akbar, it was veiy important for him and he named him Pir Prasad. Pratap noticed Man Singh, his horse Chetak understood him and attacked Man Singh’s elephant, Mardana’s head with his front legs. Pratap attacked on Man Singh with full power but he hid inside the “Hauda” and his bodyguard died. In the meantime with the poisonous Khanjar tied in Mardana’s trunk cut the leg of Chetak. Pratap was surrounded by the Mughal army. Jhala Manna of Badi Saddi requested Pratap to give his royal symbols to him and move away from the battle field. Jhalla died (martyred). Pratap’s loyal Chetak died while crossing a small drain located in Baleecha village. Here a Chatri is located in Baleecha village in the memoiy of Chetak. Tears were rolled down from Pratap’s eyes for his dear horse. At the meantime, he heard words ‘O! Neela Ghoda Ra Aswar’. He saw his brother Shakti Singh. He apologized for his deeds. Pratap forgave him. The information we get from the scriptures Amar Kavya Vanshawali and Raj Prashasti. It was created by Rann Chod Bhatt intellectual in Sanskrit. Some of the Historians have given it the name result less or unended war or undecided war.

These three bases are worthwhile to analyze the result of the war –
(i) According to object – Akbar’s objective was to catch Pratap alive and present in his court or to kill or to assimilate his whole state in his own empire but Akbar failed these objectives.

(ii) Victory of Mughal Army is not proved because displeaseners of Akbar with Man Singh and Asaf Khan, in which their Dyodhi was closed, running of Mughal army by fear, not chasing the army of Mewar are some scenes of war which brought the result of Haldi Ghati war in Pratap’s side.

(iii) In February 1577 and October 1577 to November 1579 three continuous Mewar campaigns were efforts of Akbar to fulfill his objectives which failed. The establishment of temporary capital in Avargarh near Kamalnath Mountain of Kolyari Village by Pratap is a prove as a winner.

Question 4.
Give the contribution of Shivaji in the emergency of Marathas.
Answer:
Chatrapati Shivaji (1627 A.D. to 1680 A.D.) – He was born on 20 April 1627 A.D. in’Shivner Fort. He was the son of Jija Bai, first wife of Shah ji Bhonsle. Shah ji was a samanta of Bijapur. Shivaji was brought up by his local guardian. Dadaji Kondev and Guru of Jiya Bai Samarth Swami Ram Dasa, who inspired him for the security of motherland. He got education of military and administration. In the small age of 12 years, he got Jagir of Poona from his father. At first in 1646 A.D. in the age of 19 years, he made a group of mawle youth and took control over transport near Poona. He took control In 1646 Rajgarh and Chakan from Sultan of Bijipur, and in 1647 Baramati, Indrapur, Singh garh and Purandar fort. In 1656 kalyan in konlan and javali fort. He made his capital in Rajgarh in 1656. Due to Shivaji’s expansion policy Sultan of Bijapur sent Afjal Khan in 1659 to curb him but Shivaji pierced his stomach by the nail of Tiger. Aurangzeb appointed viceroy of Deccan Shayasta Khan to curb him in 1663 who took control over his center place Poona. Soon Shivaji attacked on Shayasta Khan’s camp in night in which he had to flee by loosing his son and three fingers of his hand. In 1664 Shivaji plundered Surat which was under Mughals by annoying this Aurangzeb sent king of Amer Sawai Mirza Jai Singh and Diler Khan. Mughal army captured his many forts. After all he did treaty with Jai Singh in 1665 which is called Purandar treaty.

The main provisions of this treaty were –

Jai Singh told Shivaji that he would be made Subedar of Deccan Subas of Mughals, Shivaji presented himself in Mughal Court but he was treated like a third Mansabdar and made Nazar Band, but in 1660 with the help of his son Shambhaji he secretly ran from the prison and reached safely to his house, very next year Aurangzeb gave him the title of king and Jagir of Barar.

After two years Shivaji recaptured his all forts in 1670 A.D. He did a written agreement with local Mughal officers of Khandesh by giving promise to them of security. He collected Chauth (Tax) and plundered Surat again in 1670. In 1674 A.D. Shivaji did his coronation in ‘Rajgarh Fort’ in the form of an independednt ruler and retended the title of Chatrapati on this occasion. He died in 1680. At this time his Maratha empire was extended from Belgaon to Bank of Tungbhadra river approx in whole west Karnataka.

In this way Shivaji established an independednt Hindu Swarajya in South India though. He faced resistance of Mughal power, Sultan of Bijapur, Portuguese of Goa, and Sea Dacoits of Abesynia located at Janjira.

Question 5.
Describe the main teachings of Sikh religion by giving introduction of Guru Nanak Dev.
Answer:
Muslim empire was established in Punjab right from the beginning of the 13th century. Muslim rulers gave high rank to muslims and second rank to the Hindus under the establishment of religious state. Due to religious rigidity of Delhi Sultanate struggle arose construction of mosques in place of temples was common. An atmosphere of hate and unkindness was developing. In such an atmosphere the birth of Guru Nanak Dev occurred on 15 April 1469 A.D. He was married to Sulkhani. He had interest in spiritualism. Nanak visited with the view ‘ Manush Ki Jaat Sabe ek’ or caste of all human beings is one. His such visits are called Udasis.

Teachings of Guru Nanak

1. Believe in one God
2. Greatness of Nam and Upasna etc.
3. He gave stress on doing good deeds.
4. He was against castism and High-low.

According to him, “Karma the Honge, Navede, Jati kise Puchni Nahin” Japu ji Patti and Aarti and Barah Mah are his famous creations. By preaching Sikh religion, he made his place in world’s religious and social reformers.

Struggle Period of India (1206 A.D to 1757 A.D) Class 10 Social Science Rajasthan Board Solutions Additional Questions Solved

Struggle Period of India (1206 A.D to 1757 A.D) RBSE Solutions Class 10 Social Science Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Where did Arabs attack first at the time of Amar Khalifa in 636 A.D.?
Answer:
Thane (Maharashtra)

Question 2.
Name the two Kashmiri royal rulers with whom Mahmud Gaznavi had to face a fearce struggle.
Answer:
Jaipal and Anand Pal.

Question 3.
Who completed the construction of Qutub Minar?
Answer:
Iltutmish.

Question 4.
Which principle of Jalaluddin Khilji is famous?
Answer:
State’s rule.

Question 5.
Who was Malik Kafoor?
Answer:
He was a converted Muslim and military commander.

Question 6.
By which titles Amir Khusrao had given the Khajanul Phutuh to Allauddin Khilji?
Answer:
Sultan of the world and Shepherd of the subject.

Question 7.
Which four taxes were kept by the Pheroz Shah Tuglak?
Answer:

1. Kharaj
2. Jakat
3. Khums
4. Jazia

Question 8.
What do you know about Chahalgani?
Answer:
In the reign of Iltutmish the group of forty Amir was called Chahalgani.

Question 9.
Who was the founder of Mughal empire in India?
Answer:
Babar

Question 10.
Who was Babar?
Answer:
He was a Turkish Muslim and descendent of Timur.

Question 11.
Which new city was established by the Humayun?
Answer:
Din-Panah

Question 12.
Who was the founder of Suri empire?
Answer:
Farrid (Sher Khan) son of Hasan Khan who was a zamindar of Sasaram (Bihar) under district of Jaunpur was the founder of Suri empire.

Question 13.
Where-was Akbar born?
Answer:
Fort of Amarkot in (Pakistan) in 1542 A.D.

Question 14.
Who was Barham Khan?
Answer:
He was guardian of Akbar and representative of Mughals.

Question 15.
Name the childhood name of Shahjahan.
Answer:
Khurram

Struggle Period of India (1206 A.D to 1757 A.D) RBSE Class 10 Social Science Solutions Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the main functions of Balban and his state’s rule principle.
Answer:
Balban’s State Rule or Principle: According to him king is the representative of God on the earth. He had a separate personality than common people. He is vested with qualities gifted by God, which gives him power to rule. He was well equipped with the revolt of Turkish Amirs hence he had a strict discipline in the court.

Functions of Balban :

1. Maintenance of law and order.
2. Curbing of Dacoits and revolts against Zamindars

Question 2.
Discuss the Allauddin’s reforms.
Answer:
He made many amendments in secret agency, postal systems and provincial administration. The most important amendment was control over market. He appointed following officers and created posts to reform administration.

1. Dewan-e-Riyasat (Controller of Business)
2. Shahna or Dand Adhikari (Daroga of market)
3. Muhatsib (Securer of common people and inspector of measurement weights)
4. Barid-e-Mumalik (Secret officer) etc.

Economic reforms to maintain a vast army :

1. Control over Black marketing and profiteering
2. Sarai-e-Adal was a market of local and foreign goods. Allauddin was the first ruler who gave cash salary to soldiers. In 1303 he built fort of Siri or Allai Fort or Kosh-e-Siri (Kushke Siri), which had seven gates.

Question 3.
Write about the contribution of Firoz Shah Tuglak.
Answer:
He was cousin of Muhammad Tughlak. He ascended the throne in 1351 A.D. He did military campaign twice against Hazi Iliyas of Bengal but failed. He made government and military jobs hereditary and rejected the system of ability. He appointed his son Fateh Khan his successor and inscribed his name along with himself on coins. He gave importance to building architecture. He established cities of Hisar Firoza, Firozabad and Jaunpur, etc. Ashoka’s pillars of Topra and Meerut were brought to Delhi but intellectuals cannot read them. His greatest achievement was digging of canals in Hansi and Sirsa regions to remove scarcity of water. A canal was dug from Satluj river to Deepalpur and other from Yamuna to Sirmur. He adopted a concrete policy to face famine and to increase agricultural production.

He was also in control of rigid Islamic Amirs. He not only imposed rigid Jazia tax on Hindu but gave sentence to death to Shiya supporters muslims Non Islamic punishments were ended. Non-Shariyat taxes were removed.

Only four main taxes were kept –

(a) Kharaj
(b) Jakat
(c) Khums
(d) Jazia

Struggle Period of India (1206 A.D to 1757 A.D) Class 10 Social Science RBSE Solutions Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe India during Mughal period.
Answer:
Babur founded the Mughal Dynasty in India in 1526 A.D. after defeating Ibrahim Lodhi in the first battle of Panipat. He was a Turkish Muslim and descendent of Timur. Beside Chugtai Turkish descendent, he had relation with commander of Mangol Army Changez Khan because his mother belonged to Changez’s ancestors (family). His full name was Jahiroddin Mohammad Babur. He ascended the throne of Phargana with the title of Badshah after his father’s death. He was the first Timur descendent to retain the title of Badshah.

Battle of Khanwa: It was faught between Babur and Ranasanga which is 40 km. away from Agra at Khanwa in 1527 A.D. Babur fought this battle with Tulguma method’ and gave the slogan of Jihad.

After victory he retended the title of ‘Gaji’. In 1528 A.D he defeated Mediniraya. In 1529 A.D. he defeated Afghans.

He died in 1530 A.D. he was buried on the bank of Yamuna river, but later according to his will, he was buried in Kabul. He wrote his book of daily routine in Turkish language named Baburnama or Tuzuk-e- Babri Abdurrahim Khanakhana later translated it in Parsi (Parsian).

Humayun : Narrisuddin Humayun son of Babur became the ruler after Babur’s death. He gave Kabul and Quandhar to his brother Kamran, Sambhal to Askari, Alwar and Mewat to bindal and Badkhwan to his uncle’s son Suleman.

Battle of Chausa : This battle was fought between Humayun and Sher Khan at Chausa near Buxar in 1539 A.D. in which Mughals were defeated after Chausa’s victory Sher Khan retended the title of Sher Shah and introduced coins in his name. Sher Shah’s real name was Fareed Khan.

Battle of Beelgram or Kanauj : It was fought between Humayun and Sher Shah in 1540 A.D. Humayun fled away after defeat, during his exile. He married with Hameeda, daughter of Shekh Ali Akhtar near Bhatkal who later become the mother of Akbar. Gradually Humayun succeeded in occupying Kabul, Qandhar and Lahore in 1555 A.D. He occupied Punjab after defeating Afghans in Machiwara battle. He again sat on the throne of Delhi but soon on 24 January 1556 A.D. he died of falling from the staircase of the library located in Din Panah a city established by him. He was an edict of opium. He believed in astrology hence he had made rule of wearing seven colours clothes on seven days of the week.

Question 2.
Discuss Akbar’s achievements and his policy.
Answer:
(i) He built Ibadat Khana in 1575 A.D. in Fatepur Sikri for religious conference and invited Portuguese missionaries from Goa.
(ii) He founded Din-e-ilahi in 1581 A.D. by collecting all good things from all the religions. The first Hindu king who joined this religion was the king Birbal.
(iii) Shekh Mubarik declared Akbar Inanadil (Mujathind). He gave patronage to Chishti sect and built Church in Lahore and Agra for Christians.
(iv) He gave patronage to Jain Muni Harivijay Suri by entitled him Jagadguru The main Purohit (priest) of Din-e-ilahi was Abu Fazal. In 1583 A.D. Akbar issued a new calendar Ilahi Samwat.

Policy towards Rajputs :

• Marital Alliances and by policy of showing power trick he used the power of Rajputs.
• The first Rajput king who did agreement with Akbar was kachwaha king Bharmal.
• He appointed Man Singh and Bhagwan Das at high posts.
• He abolished Jazia tax in 1564 A.D.
• Doongarpur, Banswara and Pratapgarh Dynasties also took dependence but remained independent. He made Fatehpur Sikri his capital from 1569¬1584 A.D. He built Buland Darwaza on the south Gate of the mosque in the memory of his victory over Gujarat as monuments

Question 3.
Describe the administration of the Mughal period.
Answer:
Administration of the Mughal Period –

1. It was a mixture of Indian and foreign system.
2. Badshah was the whole and sole of the administration.
3. Sarvesarva-wakin-e-Mutalak (Wazir) was the greatest officer next to Badshah.
4. Pradhan Sadra Mire Sama (Dewan) was the head of finance department.
5. Provincial administration was divided into Subas which were become 21 in Aurangzeb’s period.
   They were – Subedar, Diwan, Sadar kazi, Prantiya Bakshi, Kotwal, etc.
6. District Administration – It was in the control of Phaujdar, Amalgujar, Bitikachi, Shikdar, Amil, Photdariand Kanungo.
   Badshah was the chief commander of the army. Army was based on Mansabdari system. Mansabdari was divided into :
   (a) Jat (b) Sawar.

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