Chapter 10 Minerals and Energy Resources

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 10 Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 Minerals and Energy Resources.

In this article we will discuss short question, very short question and long question and answers of the Chapter 10 Minerals and Energy Resources.

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 10 Social Science Solutions Chapter 15 Features of Indian Economy and its Trends.

Minerals and Energy Resources Textbook Questions Solved

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Which of the following is a metallic mineral?
(A) Coal
(B) Limestone
(C) Mica
(D) Copper

Question 2.
Which mineral is also called the mother of industries?
(A) Coal
(B) Limestone
(C) Mica
(D) Copper

Question 3.
Which mineral is obtained from igneous rocks?
(A) Coal
(B) Limestone
(C) Mica
(D) Iron

Question 4.
Which of the following is obtained from sedimentary rocks?
(A) Coal
(B) Copper
(C) Mica
(D) Iron

Question 5.
Which of the following minerals is formed from animals and plants which got buried under the ocean millions of years ago?
(A) Petroleum
(B) Copper
(C) Mica
(D) Iron

Answer:
1. (D)
2. (A)
3. (D)
4. (A)
5. (A)

Minerals and Energy Resources Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Minerals in India can be divided into which types?
Answer:
Metallic minerals and non-metallic minerals.

Question 2.
What are the energy minerals in India?
Answer:
Coal, petroleum and natural gas.

Question 3.
What do you mean by minerals?
Answer:
A naturally occurring substance with definite chemical composition is called mineral.

Question 4.
Which types of iron ore are found in India?
Answer:
Magnetite, hematite, ciderite and laterite.

Question 5.
Energy minerals are found in which districts of Rajasthan?
Answer:
Bikaner, Jaisalmer and Barmer.

Question 6.
Which type of mica ore are found in India?
Answer:
Muscovite or ruby mica and biorite or pink mica.

Question 7.
Which are the nuclear minerals?
Answer:
Uranium, thorium, beryllium

Question 8.
What do you mean by fossil minerals?
Answer:
A mineral which is formed from fossils of plants and animals is called a fossil mineral.

Minerals and Energy Resources Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Briefly explain the availability of minerals in India.
Answer:
India is a rich country in terms of mineral resources. The geological composition of our country has provided most of the minerals to us. Country’s 96% mineral deposits are found in peninsular plateau, Aravali range, Brahmaputra valley, Himalayan region and in coastal areas.

Question 2.
Explain the availability of bauxite in India.
Answer:
Bauxite is found in those rocks of Dharwar and Vindhyachal which contain less amount of lava. India is the fifth largest country in terms of bauxite deposit in the world. About 95% of bauxite deposit of India is present in Odisha (Koraput and Kahalandi), Jharkhand (Ranchi, Palamu, Giridih, Lohardagga), Madhya Pradesh (Balaghat, Katni, Jabalpur), Gujarat (Kheda, Jamnagar, Junagarh and Kachh), Chhattisgarh (Sarguja, Raipur and Bilaspur), Maharashtra (Kolhapur, Ratnagiri and Pune), Karnataka, Goa and Tamil Nadu.

Question 3.
Explain the availability of lead and zinc in India.
Answer:
Lead and zinc are found in the form of galena ore in sedimentary rocks of the Aravali range. 95% of zinc 8s lead deposits are found Chittor, Rajsamand, Bhilwara and Udaipur districts of Rajasthan. The public sector organization Hindustan Zinc Limited has the responsibility of extraction of zinc and lead. Jawar Mines is in Udaipur district. Other deposits of zinc and lead are in Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand, Odisha and Tamil Nadu.

Question 4.
Explain the availability of mica in India.
Answer:
India is the largest producer of mica in the world. About 70 to 80% mica production in the world comes from India. Muscovite or ruby mica and bioryte or pink mica is present in igneous or metamorphic rocks in our country. The mica deposits in India are quite safe because of low usage of mica in India. Mica deposits are found in Nellore, Guntur and Kadappa of Andhra Pradesh, in Bhilwara, Ajmer, Jaipur, Udaipur and Tonk of Rajasthan, in Koderma, Giridih, Dhanbad, Bokaro and Palamu of Jharkhand, in Aurangabad, Gaya, Navada, and Begusarai in Bihar, and also in Tamil Nadu (Coimbatore and Madurai) and Madhya Pradesh (Balaghat and Chhindwara). Andhra Pradesh is the largest producer of mica followed by Rajasthan and Jharkhand.

Question 5.
Explain the availability of copper in India.
Answer:
Copper is found in Dharwar and Aravali ranges in the veins of metamorphic rocks. Copper is available in the form of sulphite and chalcopyrite ores. India has just 0.1% of copper deposit of the world. About 95% copper in India comes from Madhya Pradesh (Balaghat and Betul), Jharkhand (Singhbhum, Hajaribagh and Palamu), Rajasthan (Jhunjhunu, Alwar, Rajsamand, Bhilwara and Udaipur), Andhra Pradesh (Guntur and Kurnool) and Karnataka (Chitradurga). The Kolihan mines, Mandhan mines, Mosabani mines and Rakha mines are the famous copper mines in India.

Question 6.
Comment on availability of lignite coal in Rajasthan.
Answer:
Deposits of lignite coal along with limestone are found in Rajasthan. Coal deposits are found in following districts of Rajasthan:
1. Barmer: Kapurdi, Jalippa, Giral, Bharkha, Gunga and Shiv
2. Bikaner: Barsigsar, Palana, Gurha, Bithnok
3. Nagaur: Medta, Kasnau, Kuchera, Matasukh

Minerals and Energy Resources Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Comment on distribution of iron ore in India.
Answer:
India is the second largest country of iron ore deposits after Russia. Five types of iron ores are found in India and they are magnetite, hematite, ciderite and laterite. The total iron ore deposit in India is 2300 crore tonne which is 20% of the world’s deposit. Out of total iron ore deposit in India magnetite (60 to 70% iron) is 8%, hematite (70 to 80% iron) is 85% and rest 7% is composed of other types of iron ore. Production in distribution of iron ore in India is as follows:

1. Odisha: Odisha has 30% of the country’s iron ore deposits and it produces about 28% of iron in India. Deposits of hematite iron ore are present in-Mayurbhanj, Sundargarh and Keonjhar districts. Gurumahisini, Sulempat and Badam hills of Mayurbhanj district, Baspani, Thakurani and Kiruburu of Keonjhar district are the main mines of iron in Odisha. Iron ore from Odisha is exported to Japan and other countries from ports at Vishakhapatnam and Paradip.

2. Karnataka: Karnataka has 25% of country’s iron ore deposit and it produces 26% of iron. Deposits of hematite iron ore are present in Bellary, Chikmaglur, Chitradurga and Shimoga districts. Bababudan hills, Kalahari, Kemangudi and Kudremukh are the major mines of iron in Karnataka. Iron and steel plants are present at Bhadravati and Vijaynagar.

3. Chhattisgarh: This is the third largest producer of iron in India. Chhattisgarh has 16% of iron ore deposits in India and it contributes 15.02% of total iron production. Deposits of hematite ore are present in Bastar, Durg, Dantewada, Bilaspur and Rajnandgaon districts.

Question 2.
What is the contribution of minerals in Indian economy?
Answer:
Minerals have immense contribution in Indian economy. We cannot imagine even our day to day life without minerals.

Significance of minerals in the Indian economy can be explained as follows:

1. Minerals supply raw materials to key industries like iron and steel industry, automobile industry, pharmaceuticals industry, paint, tanneries, chemicals, etc.
2. Coal and petroleum are the important fuels, and industry cannot function without fuels. Coal is the main fuel being used in industries. Coal is primarily used in thermal power plants and in iron and steel industry. In fact, coal is so important for industry that it is called the mother of industries.
3. Iron ore is essential for almost all industries because iron is an integral component for all the machines and tools. Moreover, iron is used in making large buildings and factories.
4. Iron is also important for making farm equipment’s.
5. Other metals are also useful for making various products and hence minerals of these metals are important.
6. By promoting industries minerals help in employment generation. Many minerals earn valuable amount of foreign exchange through export.

Question 3.
Explain the availability of petroleum in India.
Answer:
Deposits of petroleum are found in the Brahmaputra and Surma basins of Assam, Sunderbans Delta in West Bengal, east coast of Odisha, Surashtra & Rajasthan, terai belt of Himalaya, mid-Gujarat, Mumbai Basin ,Godavari and Cauveri Delta, etc.
About 90% of total petroleum production comes from Maharashtra, Assam, Gujarat and Rajasthan. The crude oil is sent to 24 large refineries through pipelines.

Some of the refineries are at Guwahati, Barauni, Vadodara, Haldia, Mathura, Digboi and Jamnagar. Deposits of natural gas are in Tamil Nadu, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, West Bengal, Tripura and Arunachal Pradesh. Natural gas production in India is managed by the public sector company Oil and Natural Gas Commission (ONGC). This company provides natural gas for electricity generation (38%), fertilizer production (33%), and to other industries and for domestic fuel, country’s 91% production of natural gas comes from Maharashtra (71%), Gujarat (11%), Assam (7%) and Rajasthan (2%).

Question 4.
Comment on availability of coal in India.
Answer:
In India 98.5% of coal deposit (which contributes 99% production) is present in sedimentary rocks of the Gondwana epoch. These deposits are present in the Mahandi basin, Damodar basin, Son basin, Godavari-Wardha and in the basins of Brahmani, Indravati, Koel and Panch rivers. The Bituminous coal is found in the form of 10m to 30m thick layers in these areas. ,
India also has deposits of low grade lignite coal from tertiary period. These deposits were made around 15 to 60 lakh years ago. Such deposits of coal are present mixed with limestone. Deposits of lignite coal are found in Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Nagaland and Rajasthan.

Question 5.
Show the following on a map:
1. Coal mines of India
Answer:
Do it yourself

2. Main minerals in Rajasthan
Answer:
Do it yourself

Minerals and Energy Resources Additional Questions Solved

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Which of the following is a metallic mineral?
(A) Bauxite
(B) Limestone
(C) Gypsum
(D) Mica

Question 2.
Which of the following is a non-ferrous mineral?
(A) Chromite
(B) Bauxite
(C) Pyrite
(D) Cobalt

Question 3.
How many types of metallic minerals are found in India?
(A) 10
(B) 20
(C) 30
(D) 40

Question 4.
Which type of iron ore is in maximum quantity in India?
(A) Magnetite
(B) Hematite
(C) Ciderite
(D) Laterite

Question 5.
How much of total production of aluminium is consumed within the country?
(A) 80%
(B) 60%
(C) 40%
(D) 20%

Question 6.
Which of the following is a non- metallic mineral?
(A) Hematite
(B) Pyrite
(C) Bauxite
(D) Dolomite

Question 7.
Which of the following is a source of nuclear energy?
(A) Uranium
(B) Coal
(C) Petroleum
(D) Natural gas

Question 8.
Which of the following is not an iron ore?
(A) Hematite
(B) Ciderite
(C) Bauxite
(D) Laterite

Question 9.
Which state is the largest producer of iron in India?
(A) Jharkhand
(B) Odisha
(C) Chhattisgarh
(D) Karnataka

Question 10.
Most of the bauxite is used in which industry?
(A) Aluminium industiy
(B) Leather industry
(C) Electrical industry
(D) Machineries

Question 11.
How much of world’s production of mica comes from India?
(A) 20 – 30%
(B) 40 – 50%
(C) 60 – 70%
(D) 70 – 80%

Question 12.
A major portion of lead and zinc deposits are found in which state in India?
(A) Jharkhand
(B) Rajasthan
(C) Chhattisgarh
(D) Madhya Pradesh

Question 13.
Coal was first extracted in India at which place?
(A) Jharia
(B) Asansol
(C) Raniganj
(D) Bokaro

Question 14.
Which type of coal contains the maximum amount of carbon?
(A) Anthracite
(B) Lignite
(C) Bituminous
(D) Peat

Question 15.
How many large oil refineries are present in India?
(A) 12
(B) 24
(C) 36
(D) 48

Answer:
1. (A)
2. (B)
3. (A)
4. (B)
5. (B)
6. (D)
7. (A)
8. (C)
9. (B)
10. (A)
11. (D)
12. (B)
13. (C)
14. (B)

Fill in the blanks

1. 1.  A naturally occurring substance with …………………… chemical composition is called mineral.
   2.  Iron ore comes from ………………… rocks.
   3.  Coal comes from …………….. rocks.
   4. …………………… is available in the form of sulphite and chalcopyrite ores.
   5. …………………… is called the museum of minerals.
   6. ………………must be present in ferrous minerals.
   7. ……………must be present in metallic minerals. ‘
   8. …………………..is the topmost country of iron ore deposits.
   9. ………………..Electric wires are generally made from and aluminium.
   10. …………………is obtained from bauxite ore.
   11. Rajasthan is the …………………… largest producer of mica in India.
   12. ………………….. is the largest producer of coal in the world.
   13. Deposits of lignite coal along with are ……………….. found in Rajasthan.
   14. …………………… is a fossil fuel which is present below natural gas.

Answer:
1. fixed
2. Igneous
3. Sedimentary
4. Copper
5. Rajasthan
6. Iron
7. Metal
8. Russia
9. Copper
10. Aluminium
11. Second
12. China
13. Limestone
14. Petroleum

Match Column A with Column B
1.

Column A	Column B
1. Anthracite	(A) Up to 35% carbon
2. Bituminous	(B) Up to 50% carbon
3. Lignite	(C) Up to 80% carbon
4. Peat	(D) Up to 90% carbon

Answer:
1. (D)
2. (C)
3. (B)
4. (A)

2.

Column A	Column B
1. Iron	(A) Nuclear fuel
2. Aluminium	(B) Fuel
3. Copper	(C) Insulation
4. Mica	(D) Electrical wiring
5. Petroleum	(E) Utensils
6. Uranium	(F) Heavy machinery

Answer:
1. (F)
2. (E)
3. (D)
4. (C)
5. (B)
6. (A)

Minerals and Energy Resources Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Give two examples of biotic minerals.
Answer:
Coal and petroleum

Question 2.
Give two examples of abiotic minerals.
Answer:
Iron ore, copper

Question 3.
What is a metallic mineral?
Answer:
Whe n a mineral contains some metals, it is called metallic minerals.

Question 4.
What are the uses of copper?
Answer:
Copper is used in electrical industry, telegraph industry and refrigerant industry.

Question 5.
Copper is found in which districts of Rajasthan?
Answer:
Jhunjhunu, Alwar, Rajsamand, Bhilwara and Udaipur ‘

Question 6.
Which city of Rajasthan is also known as the marble city?
Answer:
Makrana

Question 7.
Which type of coal contains the highest percentage of carbon?
Answer:
Anthracite

Question 8.
Why are minerals called as mineral resources?
Answer:
Since minerals are useful for humans, hence they are called mineral resource.

Question 9.
Which ore is considered to be the foundation of industrial economy?
Answer:
Iron ore ‘

Question 10.
Name the places where iron and steel plants are present in Jharkhand.
Answer:
Kulti, Burnpur, Bokaro and Jamshedpur.

Question 11.
What are the uses of copper?
Answer:
Copper is used in electrical industry, telegraph industry and refrigerant industry.

Question 12.
What is the benefit of mica?
Answer:
Mica can withstand very high temperature and is a bad conductor of heat and electricity.

Question 13.
Lead and zinc are found in the form of which ore?
Answer:
Galena ore

Question 14.
How much carbon is present in anthracite?
Answer:
80 – 90%

Question 15.
Most of the coal in India is found in which type of rock?
Answer:
Sedimentary rock.

Question 16.
Which state is the largest producer of mica?
Answer:
Andhra Pradesh

Question 17.
What is an ore?
Answer:
A mineral from which a particular substance can be profitably extracted is called ore.

Question 18.
Which mineral is called the mother of industry? Why?
Answer:
Coal is called the mother of all industry because it was the power from coal which gave birth to the modern industry.

Question 19.
How is crude oil supplied to refineries?
Answer:
Crude oil is supplied to refineries through pipelines.

Question 20.
Which type of coal is found in Rajasthan?
Answer:
Lignite coal

Minerals and Energy Resources Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you understand by metallic minerals? Explain.
Answer:
When a mineral contains some metals, it is called metallic minerals. Metallic minerals are further divided into ferrous and non-ferrous minerals.
1. Ferrous Minerals: When a mineral mainly contains iron, it is called ferrous mineral, e.g. iron ore, chromite, pyrite, tungsten, cobalt, etc.
2. Non-ferrous Minerals: When a mineral does not contain iron, it is called non- ferrous mineral, e.g. gold, copper, silver, zinc, bauxite, magnesium, tin, etc.

Question 2.
Comment on availability of mica in India.
Answer:
India is the largest producer of mica in the world. About 70 to 80% mica production in the world comes from India. Muscovite or ruby mica and bioryte or pink mica is present in igneous or metamorphic rocks in our country. The mica deposits in India are quite safe because of low usage of mica in India. Mica deposits are found in Nellore, Guntur and Kadappa of Andhra Pradesh, in Bhilwara, Ajmer, Jaipur, Udaipur and Tonk of Rajasthan, in Koderma, Giridih, Dhanbad, Bokaro and Palamu of Jharkhand, in Aurangabad, Gaya, Navada, and Begusarai in Bihar, and also in Tamil Nadu (Coimbatore and Madurai) and Madhya Pradesh (Balaghat and Chhindwara). Andhra Pradesh is the largest producer of mica followed by Rajasthan and Jharkhand.

Question 3.
Show different types of coal with percentage of carbon in them.
Answer:

Type of coal	Percentage of carbon
Anthracite	80-90%
Bituminous	75-80%
Lignite	35-50%
Peat	15-35%

Question 4.
What do you understand by ferrous minerals? Give some examples.
Answer:
When a mineral mainly contains iron, it is called ferrous mineral, e.g. iron ore, chromite, pyrite, tungsten, cobalt, etc.

Question 5.
What do you understand by non- ferrous minerals? Give some examples.
Answer:
When a mineral does not contain iron, it is called non-ferrous mineral, e.g. gold, copper, silver, zinc, bauxite, magnesium, tin, etc.

Question 6.
What do you understand by energy minerals?
Answer:
If a mineral can provide heat and energy, it is called energy mineral. It is of two types.
1. Fuels: A mineral which can be used as fuel, e.g. coal, petroleum and natural gas.
2. Nuclear power mineral: These minerals are utilized for generating nuclear power, e.g. uranium, thorium, beryllium, ilmenite, etc.

Question 7.
Give a brief description on iron ore in Karnataka.
Answer:
Karnataka has 25% of country’s iron ore deposit and it produces 26% of iron. Deposits of hematite iron ore are present in Bellary, Chikmaglur, Chitradurga and Shimoga districts. Bababudan hills, Kalahari, Kemangudi and Kudremukh are the major mines of iron in Karnataka. Iron and steel plants are present at Bhadravati and Vijaynagar.
Chhattisgarh: This is the third largest producer of iron in India. Chhattisgarh has 16% of iron ore deposits in India and it contributes 15.02% to total iron production. Deposits of hematite ore are present in Bastar, Durg, Dantewada, Bilaspur and Rajnandgaon districts.

Question 8.
Give a brief overview of copper ore in India.
Answer:
India has just 0.1% of copper deposit of the world. About 95% copper in India comes from Madhya Pradesh (Balaghat and Betul), Jharkhand (Singhbhum, Hajaribagh and Palamu), Rajasthan (Jhunjhunu, Alwar, Rajsamand, Bhilwara and Udaipur), Andhra Pradesh (Guntur and Kumool) and Karnataka (Chitradurga). The Kolihan mines, Mandhan mines, Mosabani mines and Rakha mines are the famous copper mines in India.

Question 9.
Write about availability of mica in India.
Answer:
Mica deposits are found in Nellore, Guntur and Kadappa of Andhra Pradesh, in Bhilwara, Ajmer, Jaipur, Udaipur and Tonk of Rajasthan, in Koderma, Giridih, Dhanbad, Bokaro and Palamu of Jharkhand, in Aurangabad, Gaya, Navada, and Begusarai in Bihar, and also in Tamil Nadu (Coimbatore and Madurai) and Madhya Pradesh (Balaghat and Chhindwara). Andhra Pradesh is the largest producer of mica followed by Rajasthan and Jharkhand.

Question 10.
Write about petroleum deposits in Rajasthan.
Answer:
Petroleum deposits in Rajasthan are found in 12 blocks in Bikaner, Barmer, Jaisalmer and Ganganagar. Jaisalmer Block, Sanchor-Gudamalani Block, Bikaner-Nagaur Block, and Bikaner- Ganganagar Block have deposits of petroleum. 91 oil wells have been dug by the MNC Cairn India in Gudamalani and Sanchaur Blocks. Out of them commercial production from 12 wells started in 2005.

Minerals and Energy Resources Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Classify minerals on jhe basis of chemical and physical properties.
Answer:
Minerals are divided into following types on the basis of chemical and physical properties.
1. Metallic Minerals: When a mineral contains some metals, it is called metallic minerals. Metallic minerals are further divided into ferrous and non-ferrous minerals.
2. Ferrous Minerals: When a mineral mainly contains iron, it is called ferrous mineral, e.g. iron ore, chromite, pyrite, tungsten, cobalt, etc.
3. Non-ferrous Minerals: When a mineral does not contain iron, it is called non-ferrous mineral, e.g. gold, copper, silver, zinc, bauxite, magnesium, tin, etc.
3. Non-metallic Minerals: When a mineral does not contain metals, it is called non-metallic minerals, e.g. limestone, dolomite, mica, gypsum, etc.
4. Energy Minerals: If a mineral can provide heat and energy, it is called energy mineral. It is of two types.
5. Fuels: A mineral which can be used as fuel, e.g. coal, petroleum and natural gas.
6. Nuclear power mineral: These minerals are utilized for generating nuclear power, e.g. uranium, thorium, beryllium, ilmenite, etc.

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