Chapter 14 Health, Disease and Yoga

RBSE Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 14 Health, Disease and Yoga

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RBSE Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 14 Health, Disease and Yoga

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 9 Science Chapter 14 Health, Disease and Yoga

Health, Disease and Yoga Textbook Questions Solved

Objective Type Questions

Question 1.

Kwarshiokar is the disease caused due to the deficiency of:

(A) Carbohydrates

(B) Proteins

(C) Fats

(D) Minerals

Answer: B

Question 2.

Which of the following is not a congenital disease:

(A) Leprosy

(B) Tetanus

(C) Malaria

(D) None of these

Answer: D

Question 3.

The food component which is known as the main source of energy:

(A) Fat

(B) Carbohydrate

(C)  Protein

(D) Water

Answer: B

Question 4.

A disease which is caused by the deficiency of vitamin D:

(A) Leprosy

(B) Tetanus

(C) Malaria

(D) None of these

Answer: D

Question 5.

AIDS cannot be transmitted by:

(A) Blood

(B) Mother to its offsprings

(C) Touch

(D) Sexual contact

Answer: C

Question 6.

Which character is developed in man by yoga:

(A) Self Study

(B) Positive thinking

(C) Disclipline

(D) All of these

Answer: D

RBSE Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 14 Health, Disease and Yoga

Health, Disease and Yoga Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 7.

What are the essential elements and main sources of balanced food?

Answer:

Food groups according to function	Major nutrients	Sources
1. Energy giving compounds	1. Carbohydrates and fats	1.   Cereals-wheat, rice bar­ley, etc. 2.    Starch like potato, corn, etc. 3. Sugars. 4. Fat-ghee and oil.
2. Bodybuilding compounds	2. Protein	1. Milk 2. Meat-fish, chicken, mut­ton, egg white. Pulses (vegetable pro­tein)
3. Protective compounds	3. Vitamins and minerals	1. Vegetables (green leafy) Fruits.

Question 8.

Name the vitamins essential for the body?

Answer:

	Name of Vitamin	ChemicalName
1.	Vitamin A	Retinol
2.	Vitamin B, (Anitiberi-beri factor)	Thiamine
3.	Vitamin C	Ascorbic acid
4.	Vitamin D	Calciferol
5.	Vitamin E	Tocopherol
6.	Vitamin K	Phylloquinone

Question  9.

Which disease is caused due to lack of Iodine?

Answer

Thyroid, (goitre) is caused due to lack of Iodine.

Question 10.

Name two diseases caused by viruses?

Answer

Chicken Pox, Poliomyelitis.

Question 11.

What are the characters and treatment of Dengue?

Answer

Dengue: This dangerous disease is caused by Dengue virus, and spread by Aede aegypti mosquito.

Symptoms: The symptoms of this disease are high fever, headache, soreness of eyes, pain in joints and pain in stomach. Bleeding nose, mouth and gums are other symptoms.

Treatment: Propagating agent for this disease is Aedes mosquito, that bite generally in the daytime. Aedes lay eggs in cold standing water. Waterlogged in coolers, refrigerators and water cooling machines, underground tanks, provide a good place for its reproduction. Water should not be logged in the vicinity of home or spread kerosene on water to destroy aedes larvae. Use of mosquito repellents and mosquito nets are also fruitful. We can also use Mycophenallic acid and Ribavirin, to stop the growth of the virus.

Health, Disease and Yoga Short Answer Type Questions

Question 12.

Explain the effects of fast food on body?

Answer

Effects of fast food: Heart diseases, liver damage, stroke, obesity and diabetes are some of the diseases revolving around fast food. Frequent consumption of fast food has been associated with increased body mass index, as well as higher intake of fat, sodium, added sugar, beverage and lower intakes of fruits, vegetable, milk in children and adults. Fast food has higher energy densities and poor nutritional value.

Question 13.

What does malnutrition mean? Explain its causes and write the name of two diseases caused by them?Answer

Malnutrition can be defined as a physical condition of a person in which he suffers from a disease, due to lack of nutrients, such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals and vitamins. In short, the condition arising out of improper nutrition and unbalanced diet is called malnutrition. The main cause of improper nutrition and unbalanced diet is poverty. Malnutrition retards the physical and mental development of children. Some deficiency diseases can also be called as nutritional diseases.

Deficiency disease can be classified into the following categories:

1. Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
2. Vitamin deficiency diseases.
3. Protein Energy Malnutrition: Growing children need more protein. The children between the age group, 1-5 years are affected by protein malnutrition. Protein malnutrition leads to two types of diseases, namely Kwashiorkor and Marasmus. Kwashiorkar is caused due to deficiency of protein, which develops when mothers stop feeding the babies with their protein-rich breast milk.

Question 14.

What is a Balanced diet? What is the role of minerals in balanced food? Explain the disease caused by the deficiency of minerals?

Answer

A balanced diet is one, which contains a variety of food in such quantities and proportions so that the need for energy, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, water and roughage is adequately met for maintaining health, vitality and general well-being. Thus, human diet includes carbohydrates, fats and proteins in the ratio of 4:1:1, vitamins, minerals, water and roughage in adequate amounts for maintaining good health.

Role of Minerals: Minerals are the elements which are required in our body in small amounts, with food. These regulate various metabolic activities in our body. Deficiency of a particular mineral causes specific diseases such as anaemia, goitre, rickets, etc.

The main minerals are calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium and magnesium. Trace elements which are required in few mg amounts per day are iron, iodine, fluorine, zinc, copper, cobalt, chromium and manganese prominent minerals. Mineral deficiency disease: Anaemia is caused due to the deficiency of iron in the food. Deficiency of iodine causes goitre. Deficiency of calcium creates weakness in bones.

Health, Disease and Yoga Long Answer Type Questions

Question 15.

How many types of disease are found? Explain the difference between communicable and non-communicable disease with an example? Explain the Infectious agents?

Answer

Diseases mean disease. It is a condition of disturbed functioning of the body or its part.

Type of diseases:

• On the basis of duration: Acute and chronic.
• On the basis of the period of occurrence: Congenital and Acquired.
• On the basis of causal agent-infectious and non-infectious.
  For example Influenza, tuberculosis, pneumonia is infectious diseases. Diabetes and cancer are non-infectious diseases.

Question 16.

Difference between communicable & non-communicable diseases with an example:

Answer

Communicable disease	Non-communicable diseases
They are infectious diseases. They are transferred from an infected person to a healthy person. 2. They are caused by pathogens. For example: Chickenpox 3. They spread through agents, such as air, water, food, insects, etc.	They are not infectious. They are not transferred from an infected person to a healthy person. 2. They are not caused by any pathogens. For example: Arthritis 3. They do not spread through any agent.

Infectious agents: Disease where microbes are the immediate causes are called infectious diseases.

The infectious agents, like microbes, can spread in the community and the disease they cause, will spread; them.

The following infections agents are:

1. Bacteria: They are unicellular, prokaryotic, microscopic organisms. They reproduce very quickly. Some common diseases caused by bacteria are typhoid, cholera, tuberculosis, anthrax, diphtheria, tetanus, etc.

2. Viruses: They are submicroscopic organisms. They cannot reproduce by themselves, because they do not have their own metabolic machinery. They utilise the metabolic machinery of the host cell and multiply. The various diseases caused by viruses are common cold, influenza, dengue fever, SARS, AIDS, measles, mumps, polio, small pox, chicken pox, etc.

3. Protozoans: They are microscopic, unicellular, eukaryotic organisms. They can reproduce on their own. The various diseases caused by protozoa are malaria, by Plasmodium, Kala-azar, etc.

4. Helminths: Helminthes are multicellular worms, which are mostly present in the intestine. They cause taeniasis, ascariasis, elephantiasis worm, hence also known as filariasis, etc.

5. Fungi: They are also multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms. They cause ringworm, athlete’s foot id other skin infections.

Question 16.

Define yoga? Name the important Yogas and describe the effect of Yoga on health?

Answer

The origin of yoga is very old and it is endowed with rich traditional values. We do not know about the exact origin of yoga, but about 300 A.D sage Patanjali wrote the traditional text, on yoga, which is popularly known as Patanjalis Yog Shastra. The main theme of yoga Shastra is based on achieving Atma Sakshatkara (self realisation) and attaining control over the mind. Yoga requires mental equilibrium. Term, yoga is derived from the Sanskrit word Yuj’ Which means union or to join. In other words, yoga means unification of ‘Atma’ with ‘Parmatama’. Yoga stresses on the concepts which promote physical, mental, moral and spiritual values. Patanjali: “ Checking the impulses of mind is Yoga”:Sage Patanjali, the founder of Hatha, Yoga Darshana has described the Eightfold.

Path of Yoga:

1. Yama: It symbolises self discipline. There are five Yama, i.e., Non-violence, Satya, Astay, Brahmacharya and

2. Niyama: There are five rules

• The purity of mind and body
• Contentment
• Self-evaluation
• Devotion or complete surrender to God
• Rigorous penance.

3. Asana (Yogic postures)

4. Pranayama (regulated breath)

5. Pratyahara (sense detachment)

6. Dharma (Inner abstraction)

7. Dhayana (meditation)

8. Samadhi (State of bliss)

All these elements of eightfold path are the universal commandants for all human beings. In fact Yoga is not only the physical concept but more than that, it controls the mind, body and the entire human actions and reactions.

Effect of Yoga on Health:

1. The mind is relaxed
2. Increase in height
3. Less chances of hatchback
4. Old age is delayed
5. Brightness and bloom on face
6. Spine becomes straight and flexible
7. Chest, back, abdomen, waist, arms, elbows, feet, knees, hands etc. become strong, stout and stable.
8. All the organs of the body become strong and stout.
9. Body, in general, becomes energetic and the spine becomes flexible.
10. It helps to provide good circulation and better blood flow to the neck, throat and head.
11. It helps to bring pure blood of the lower parts of the body to the heart.
12. It helps to strengthen the spinal cord which gets a maximum stretch.
13. It helps to increase height and give youthfulness and good shape to the body.
14. It activates the spine and back muscles.
15. It activates blood circulation in all the neck nerves.
16. It helps to increase vision.
17. It reactivates the spinal nerves and the brain cells and strengthens the muscles.
18. It reduces the fat in the body.
19. It strengthens the Navel point.
20. It removes all abdominal and intestinal disorders.
21. It strengthens the muscles of abdomen and back.
22. It improves the breathing process.
23. It removes obesity, constipation and indigestion.
24. It tones up the spine, nerve system and abdominal area.
25. It stretches muscles of waist and feet.
26. It facilitates the blood circulation in the muscles.
27. It gives physical and mental stability, concentration and area
28. It has a good effect on the nervous system of the body, which keeps minding calm and serene.
29. It helps to cure stiffness of the knees and joints and also cures rheumatic pains.
30. Respiratory system functions normally and smoothly.

Question 17.

Explain the life history of Patanjali and Nagarjuna?

Answer

Life History of Patanjali: The life history of Patanjali is full of legends and contradictions. There are no records regarding his birth. As per one legend, he fell into the hands of a woman, thus giving him the name Pathanjalis. Yoga Sutras are considered to serve as the basis of the Yogic techniques. Maharishi Patanjali, the father of Yoga compiled 195 sutras which serve as a framework for integrating Yoga into the daily routine and leading an ethical life. The core of Patanjali teaching lies in the eightfold path of Yoga. The path shows the way to live a better life, through yoga.

All these elements of the eightfold path are the universal commandants for all human beings. In fact, Yoga is not only the physical concept but more than that, it controls the mind, body and the entire human actions and reactions.

Life History of Nagarjuna: Nagarjuna was an Indian metallurgist and alchemist born at Fort Daihak, near Somnath, in Gujarat, near about 7th or 8th century. He wrote the treatises Rasoratnakara, Rashrudaya and Rasendramangal, that deals in preparations of mercury compounds. It gives a survey of the status of metallurgy and alchemy in the land. Extraction of metals such as silver, gold, tin and copper from their ores and their purification were also mentioned. He also wrote Uttaratantra, as a supplement to Sushruta Samhita, dealing with preparation of medicinal drugs and an Ayurvedic treatise, Arogyamaniari. His other treatise is Kakshaputatantra, Yogasara and Yogasatak. Because of his profound scholar lines and versatile knowledge, he was appointed as chancellor of the famous University of Nalanda.

Health, Disease and Yoga Additional Question Solved

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Question 1.

How many components does our balanced food have?

(A) Five

(B) Three

(C) Two

(D) Six

Answer: D

Question 2.

Body-building foods are known as-

(A) Fats

(B) Proteins

(C) Carbohydrates

(D) Mineral salts.

Answer: A

Question 3.

Players and manual labour are advised to take more of-

(A) Protein

(B) Fats

(C) Carbohydrates

(C) Minerals

Answer: C

Question 4.

Defence against diseases is provided by-

(A) Proteins

(B) Carbohydrates

(C) Water

(D) Mineral Salts

Answer: A

Question 5.

The basic cause of Diabetes is-

(A) Blood pressure

(B) Obesity

(C) Loss of blood

(D) Indigestion

Answer: B

Question 6.

Beri-Beri disease is caused due to the deficiency of-

(A) Vitamin- D

(B) Vitamin- C

(C) vitamin- B

(D) Vitamin- A

Answer: C

Question 7.

Kwarshiokar is the disease caused due to the deficiency of-

(A) Vitamins

(B) Carbohydrates

(C) Minerals

(D) Proteins

Answer: D

Question 8.

The mineral salt which helps in the formation of Haemoglobin in the body is-

(A) Calcium

(B) Phosphate

(C) Iron

(D) Iodine

Answer: C

Question 9.

Which disease is caused due to a lack of Iodine in the food?

(A) Thyroid

(B) Rickets

(C) Anaemia

(D) Byspepsia

Answer: A

Question 10.

It is not one of the types of Malnutrition-

(A) Under-nutrition

(B) Over nutrition

(C) Imbalanced Nutrition

(D) Balanced nutrition

Answer: D

Question 11.

Mosquito is not a vector for a disease from following:

(A) Malaria

(B) Typhoid

(C) Dengue

(D) Elephantiasis

Answer: D

Question 12.

AIDS is caused by:

(A) Virus

(B) Bacterium

(C) Fungus

(D) Helminth

Answer: A

Question 13.

Tuberculosis is a disease caused by:

(A) Bacterium

(B) Virus

(C) Protozoan

(D) Malnutrition

Answer: A

Question 14.

Causative agent ofT.B is:

(A) Salmonella

(B) Streptococcus

(C) Mycobacterium

(D) Pneumococcus

Answer: C

Question 15.

Anaemia is caused due to deficiency of:

(A) Iron

(B) Calcium

(C) Potassium

(D) Sodium

Answer: A

Question 16.

Which of the following is a chronic disease?

(A) diabetes

(B) asthma

(C) typhoid

(D) both (A) and (B)

Answer: D

Question 17.

The disease which begins abruptly and lasts only for a short duration is known as:

(A) chronic disease

(B) acute disease

(C) congenital disease

(D) none of these

Answer: B

Question 18.

Which one of the following diseases is it infectious?

(A) common cold

(B) ringworm

(C) leukemia

(D) measles

Answer: C

Question 19.

Infectious diseases spread through

(A) vectors

(B) water

(C) sexual contact

(D) all of these

Answer: D

Question 20.

AIDS spreads through

(A) sexual contact

(B) blood transfusion

(C) placemtal transfusion

(D) all of these

Answer: D

Question 21.

Common cold is-

(A) a chronic disease

(B) an acute disease

(C) a congenital disease

(D) a genetic disorder

Answer: B

Question 22.

Female Anopheles mosquito is the carrier of a pathogen that causes-

(A) yellow fever

(B) dengue

(C) malaria

(D) filariasis

Answer: C

Question 23.

The father of Ashtanga Yog is

(A) Ved Vyas

(B) Maharishi Patanjali

(C) Lord Krishna

(D) Rishi Vashishtha

Answer: B

Question 24.

It is not the part of the Yoga-

(A) Niyama

(B) Yama

(C) Shatkarma

(D) Pranayama.

Answer: D

Question 25.

The best remedy to be relieved of tension is- ‘

(A) Gyan Kendra Preksha

(B) Intoxication

(C) Sleep

(D) Kayotsarga

Answer: C

Health, Disease and Yoga Very Short Answer Type Questions.

Question 1.

Define good health.

Answer

Being free from physical, mental and social disorder, is good health.

Question 2.

Which parameters to health are difficult to measure?

Answer

Mental health and social well being.

Question 3.

Name four diseases caused by virus.

Answer

Diseases caused by a virus: Common cold, influenza, chicken pox, dengue.

Question 4.

Name any four diseases that are caused by bacteria.

Answer

Tuberculosis, typhoid, tetanus, diphtheria.

Question 5.

Define deficiency disease.

Answer

Deficiency disease: Any disease resulting from a dietary deficiency of minerals, vitamins or essential nutrients such as proteins and carbohydrates.

Question 6.

If a person gets tired easily, is pale and loses weight, which disease is he most likely suffering from?

Answer

He is most likely suffering from T.B.

Question 7.

Name one human disease which is spread through direct contact.

Answer

Smallpox, T.B.

Question 8.

What is an infectious disease?

Answer

Infectious diseases are diseases that are caused by pathogens and are capable of spreading from a diseased person to a healthy person.

Question 9.

What are congenital diseases?

Answer

Congenital diseases are the diseases found in an individual, right from birth.

Question 10.

Define acquired diseases?

Answer

Acquired diseases are those diseases which one picks up after birth.

Question 11.

Write the name of the causative agent of chicken pox.

Answer

Varicella herpes virus.

Question 12.

Biting of which mosquito causes Malaria.

Answer

Parasitic protozoan female anopheles.

Question 13.

Give Zoological name of the vector of Dengue.

Answer

Mosquito- Aedse aegypti.

Question 14.

Write the name of a mutation homed disease.

Answer

Cancer is a mutation horned disease.

Question 15.

Mention the structure of HIV.

Answer

HIV virus is 1/ 10000th of a millimetre in diameter. It is a protein capsule containing two short strands of genetic material and few enzyme.

Question 16.

What is anaemia?

Answer

Anaemia is defined as a condition in which the haemoglobin content of blood is lower than normal as a result of a deficiency of one or more essential nutrients.

Question 17.

Define the term disease.

Answer

Any condition which impairs the health, or interferes with the normal functioning of the body is called disease.

Question 18.

What are Pathogens?

Answer

Pathogens are germs which cause disease.

Question 19.

Who is known as Father of Yoga?

Answer

Patanjali is known as the father of Yoga.

Question 20.

Which book composed by Nagarjuna deals with ayurveda?

Answer

Shushruta Smahita.

Health, Disease and Yoga Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.

Which type of diseases cause more damages to our body- acute or chronic and why?

Answer

Chronic disease lasts for a long time so it is more harmful than the acute disease. For example, cough and cold, viral fever are acute diseases which do not affect our health badly and we become well within a week or so while tuberculosis which is a chronic disease affects health drastically and has a long time effect on the body.

Question 2.

List any four essential factors that must be taken care of by an individual for keeping good health.

Answer

(a) Balanced diet

(b) Disease free environment

(c) Proper sanitation

(d) Mental and social stability.

Question 3.

Explain Malaria and list four common symptoms of Malaria?

Answer

Malaria is a fatal disease of human beings. It is caused by a protozoan parasite Plasmodium. This disease spreads through the bite of an insect vector- the female Anopheles mosquito which feeds on human blood.

Symptoms: a Headache, nausea, muscular pain and high fever.

Question 4.

Write the difference between congenital and acquired diseases?

Answer

Congenital disease:

• These diseases are present from the birth.
• These are inherited

Acquired disease

•  These diseases are acquired after birth during the lifespan of an individual.
• These are not inherited.

Question 5.

Why is AIDS considered to be a ‘syndrome’ and not a disease?

Answer

Full form of AIDS is Acquired Immunity Deficiency Syndrome. Acquired means you have got infected with it. Immune Deficiency means a weakness in the body’s system, that fight diseases. Syndrome means a group of health problems that make up a disease. People suffering from AIDS have an increased risk of cancer. Moreover, they also show symptoms like fever, swollen glands, chills, weakness and weight loss. Thus, the HIV virus progressively reduces the effectiveness of the immune system and leaves a person susceptible to many infections and turners. Hence, AIDS is better considered as a syndrome rather than a disease.

Question 6.

Explain give reasons:

(a) A balanced diet is necessary for maintaining a healthy body.

(b) The health of an organism depends upon the surrounding environmental conditions.

Answer

(a) A balanced diet is necessary for the growth and development of the body. A balanced diet provides raw materials and energy, in an appropriate amount, needed for the proper growth and functioning of the healthy body. It improves our immunity also. Lack of food in the form of a balanced diet makes us susceptible to diseases.

(b) Health is a state of being well enough to function well physically, mentally and socially. These conditions depend upon the surrounding environmental conditions, e.g. if there are un-hygienic conditions in the surrounding area, it is likely we might get infected or diseased. Similarly, a good social environment is needed for mental and social health.

Health, Disease and Yoga Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.

What are the infectious agents? Explain them with suitable examples and diseases caused by them?

Answer

Diseases, where microbes are the immediate causes, are called infectious disease. The agents like microbes can spread in the community and the disease they cause will spread with them. Such disease-causing microbes are called’ infectious agents.

The following infections agents are:

Bacteria: They are unicellular, prokaryotic, microscopic, organisms. They reproduce very quickly. Some common diseases caused by bacteria are typhoid, cholera, tuberculosis, anthrax, diphtheria, tetanus, etc.

Viruses: They are submicroscopic organisms. They cannot reproduce by themselves, because they do not have their own metabolic machinery. They utilise the metabolic machinery of the host cell and multiply. The various diseases caused by viruses are a common cold, influenza, dengue fever, SARS, AIDS, measles, mumps, polio, smallpox, chicken pox etc.

Protozoans: They are microscopic unicellular, eukaryotic organisms. They can reproduce of their own. The various diseases caused by protozoa are malaria by Plasmodium, Kala-azar etc.

Helminths: Helminthes are multi­cellular worms which are mostly present in the intestine. They cause taeniasis, ascariasis, elephantiasis worm, hence also known as filariasis etc.

Fungi: They are also multicellular eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms. They cause ringworm, athlete’s foot and other skin infections.

Question 2.

What are the causes, symptoms and methods of prevention and cure of AIDS?

Answer

AIDS stands for Acquired Immuno­Deficiency Syndrome. It is caused by retrovirus – HIV or Human Immuno-deficiency Virus. It was first detected in June 1981 in the USA. This virus weakens the human body’s immunity or self defence mechanism. Since, AIDS virus reduces the natural immunity of human body, therefore, the body having AIDS become prone to many other infections.

Modes of transmission are as follows:

• It spreads through sexual contact with an infected person, carrying AIDS virus.
• It spreads through the transfusion of blood, infected with AIDS virus.
• The children of AIDS infected mother get this disease from mother’s blood.
• It spreads through the use of infected needles for injections, blades or razors and other equipment of barbers.

Symptoms:

• Swollen lymph nodes.
• Severe brain damage which may lead to loss of memory, ability to speak and think.
• Decreased count of blood platelets, causing haemorrhage and continuous fever.
• Sweating at night and weight loss.
• AIDS patient also becomes more susceptible to infections of any system of body.
• Ulcers, prolonged cough, repeated diarrhoea.
• A full-blown AIDS patient dies within three years and mortality is 100%.

Prevention:

1. No absolutely satisfactory vaccine is yet available.

We can only prevent AIDS from the following preventive measures:

1. Using condoms and adopting clean sex habits.
2. The common razor at the barber’s shop should not be used.
3. Dentists should use sterilised instruments.
4. The blood test must be done in pregnant women, blood donors, organ donors, etc.
5. People should be educated about AIDS.

Control:

1. Till today there is no specific therapy, against HIV infection.
2. World AIDS Day: December 01
3. HIV infection has been reported in all states and union territories of India except Arunachal Pradesh.
4. National AIDS control programme was started in 1987.

Question 3.

What do you mean by non-communicable disease? Explain to them by examples.

Answer

Non-communicable diseases: Non-communicable diseases are also known as non- infectious or non-transmittable diseases. Those diseases which do not spread from person to person by contact or through pathogens or germs. Some non- communicable diseases are as follows.

1. Heart disease: It is also known as coronary disease. It is the main cause of death in the 20th century. Heart disease is caused by hardening and blockage of coronary arteries.

a. Angina pectoris: It is characterised by severe and persistent chest pain.

b. Coronary thrombosis: It involves the formation of a blood clot called thrombus, in the coronary artery. It is characterised by severe chest pain, breathlessness, uneasiness and vomiting.

2. Diabetes: In this disease, the percentage of glucose increases in the blood very much and glucose also comes out with urine. It occurs due to deficiency of insulin hormone. Diabetes affects eyes, kidney and heart.

The main symptoms of diabetes are as follows:

• Presence of glucose in urine
• Presence of more glucose in the blood.
• Excessive urination
• Loss of body weight.

Question 4.

What are bacterial diseases? Write the cause, symptoms, treatment and prevention of Tuberculosis and Cholera.

Answer

Bacterial diseases: The diseases caused by bacteria are called bacterial diseases.

Out of these, the main diseases are as follows:

1. Tuberculosis: It is commonly called T.B. Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. They can affect and attack any part of the body, but most commonly affected organs are lungs. Infection of these bacteria occurs by direct contact or through the air. This disease is transmitted by sneezing, coughing or spitting. Small droplets of nasal and oral secretion contain germs of tuberculosis and they may transfer the bacteria from an infected person to a healthy person.

2. Symptoms: The main symptoms of tuberculosis are, the patient loses his appetite, feels restless and loses his body weight. Bloody sputum comes out with a cough.

3. Cure (treatment): The treatment of T.B is done on the basis of tuberculin test, X-Ray of chest and sputum analysis. Drugs like Streptomycin, PAS (Para Aminosalicylic acid, isoniased, etc are given. Proper rest, good food and fresh air is also needed.

4. Prevention: B.C.G (Bacillus calmeite Gurerin) provides protection against tuberculosis if given to infants and adults.

2. Cholera: Cholera is caused by a gram-negative, comma-shaped bacterium, Vibrio cholerae. This disease spreads through contaminated food and water. The infection of cholera is more common during fairs and after the floods. Sometimes it occurs in epidemic form.

Symptoms: The symptoms are quick vomiting and suppression of urine formation and onset of profuse effortless rice water like stool. The body becomes cold and eyes turn yellow, the patient loses his weight. Death may occur, if not treated in time due to dehydration and loss of minerals.

Cure (Treatment): Ten drops of nitro- nugretic acid with 4 to 5 drops of amrit dhara affects very much if given 3 to 4 hours.

Prevention:

1. Don’t take stale food.
2. Use boiled drinking water.
3. Fruits and vegetables should be properly washed with water containing potassium permanganate
4. Eatables and food should be covered.
5. Use lemon during rainy seasons.

Question 6.

Draw a chart of some important vitamins their sources, functions arid deficiency disease?

Answer

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